The Role of Supervision in Improving the Performance of Islamic Education Teachers in Special Regions: A Structural-Functional Perspective

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the role of supervision in improving the performance of Islamic Religious Education (IRE) teachers in remote areas, with a focus on Sebangau Kuala Subdistrict, Pulang Pisau Regency. This study is motivated by the importance of supervision as a strategic mechanism within the education system, particularly in remote areas facing limitations in access, infrastructure, and human resources. A structural-functional approach is employed to understand the role of supervision in maintaining the balance of the education system. This study employs a qualitative approach using a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving Islamic Education teachers, school principals, and educational supervisors. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis to identify patterns of the functions and challenges of supervision in the local context. Research findings indicate that supervision serves two primary functions: first, as a professional development mechanism that enhances teachers’ pedagogical competencies, reflective practices, and instructional strategies; and second, as an integrative tool that aligns the curriculum, school policies, and instructional practices. However, the effectiveness of supervision remains hindered by structural factors such as geographical constraints, a shortage of supervisors, a formalistic approach, and a lack of follow-up. This study is limited to the context of a specific region with limited access and resources, so the generalizability of the findings remains limited. However, the results have implications for the development of more adaptive and context-specific supervision models.